Genetics is the study of what make up an animals or plants.DNA carries all the information needed for protein synthesis and replication of cells. In living organisms DNA is organized in chromosomes and is located in the nucleus of each cell.
DNA is comprised in the parts shown
The Phosphate links the sugar and base together
There are 4 Bases, C, G, A, T these stand for cytosine, guanine, adenine and tymine respectively. Because DNA is comprised as a double helix the bases pair up. A and T pair up and C and G there are no other possible combinations of DNA bases.
For DNA to be useful it first must be transcribed into mRNA, then translated into an amino acid. This is what makes up GENES.
Genes are found on chromosomes inside a cell. Chromosomes have two sides. One contains genes from your mother (grey) and the other side genes from your father (black). These chromosomes are identical and carry the same genes in the same place. However they may carry different form of a gene.
For example part of the chromosomes codes for eye colour, your father’s gene might code for blue eyes while your mother’s codes for brown. Both show eye colour just different colours.
The different forms of the genes are known as alleles.
